What is the purpose of newborn screening tests, and who completes them?

• A. To assess parental employment status.
• B. To detect metabolic, genetic, and congenital conditions early; performed by hospital staff or pediatrician after birth.
• C. To measure newborn height.
• D. To determine feeding schedule.

Answer: (B)

Newborn screening tests are designed to detect metabolic, genetic, and congenital conditions early, before symptoms show up, so treatment can begin promptly and prevent serious health problems or even death. They’re typically done after birth in the hospital by staff such as nurses or the pediatrician, using a small blood sample from a heel prick (and sometimes they include a hearing screen). This immediate, postnatal check helps identify conditions that aren’t obvious at birth and ensures timely follow-up care if anything is detected.