Engrossment in fathers is influenced by which of the following?

• A. Time spent with baby.
• B. Proximity to the infant.
• C. Planned pregnancy.
• D. All of the above.

Answer: (D)

Engrossment in fathers is a deep, active involvement with the infant. When a father spends substantial time with the baby, he has more opportunities to care for, comfort, and respond to the infant’s cues, which strengthens the bond and heightens his focus and affection. Being physically close to the infant—sharing a home and daily routines—makes it easier to engage in caregiving and stay attuned to the baby’s needs. Planning the pregnancy reflects intentionality and preparedness, which supports the father’s readiness to participate and assume caregiving roles. When time with the baby, proximity, and planning are all present, engrossment is most likely to develop.